{"id":60,"date":"2025-03-02T19:30:31","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T17:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lbscience.org\/en\/?p=60"},"modified":"2025-09-03T00:58:36","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T21:58:36","slug":"flashing-drag-show-of-fireflies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lbscience.org\/en\/2025\/03\/02\/flashing-drag-show-of-fireflies\/","title":{"rendered":"Flashing Drag Show of Fireflies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spiders employ a variety of diverse and sometimes surprising predatory strategies. For some spiders,\u00a0 an invisible, sticky web to capture their prey is sufficient. Other crafty ones, such as certain jumping spiders, stage themselves as injured prey, on another spider\u2019s web. By the time that the spider host realizes the hoax,\u00a0 he is already devoured by the hoaxer.\u00a0 Some spiders camouflage themselves by mimicking their surroundings\u2014for instance, crab spiders that use bodily color patterns resembling flowers or leaves, or those that can even change their body color in response to their environment. In this article, we will reveal a new behavior observed in orb-weaver spiders, which hints at a somewhat different\u2014and even somewhat peculiar\u2014predatory strategy. One thing is certain: what we know now is only the tip of the iceberg.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spiders of the orb-weaver family (Araneidae) weave a\u00a0 wheel-shaped web. Our orb-weaver spider (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Araneus ventricosus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is common in Japan and East Asia. It is active at night and tends to build vertical webs from the ground up.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We first kindly refer the readers to our previous article on fireflies [1]. Let us recall that both sexes\u2014that is, the male and the female\u2014are capable of controlling the\u00a0 on and off \u201cswitch\u201d of the \u201clight\u201d at the tip of their abdomen, and that each sex typically exhibits a distinct flashing pattern to help them find each other in the dark and mate. And this is the case with the firefly species in the study we describe here [2].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The male firefly of the species <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abscondita terminalis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> uses two lights at the tip of its abdomen, which emit a sequence of flashing pulses, whereas the female uses a single light that flashes in a single pulse. The interesting observation that caught the researchers\u2019 attention and led them to initiate the study was that many male fireflies\u2014and hardly any females\u2014were caught in our spider\u2019s web, which piqued their curiosity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers conducted a field study on 161 webs of<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> A. ventricosus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that were randomly assigned\u00a0 into four groups; in some webs there was a spider and in others there was not. In addition, in some webs a male firefly whose light was covered with dark ink\u2014so that its flash was almost completely hidden from view\u2014was placed, while in others a male firefly capable of flashing normally was used.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was found that male fireflies were captured more frequently in webs that contained a spider with a male firefly capable of flashing. The size of the spider, the height of the hunting web, or its geometric shape did not affect the capture rate of male fireflies in the webs. Furthermore, it was observed that when a male firefly was caught in webs where the spider was present, it was seen flashing from only one light and with a single pulse flashing pattern- similar to that of the female [3-4].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The findings suggest that the spider may somehow cause the male fireflies caught in its web to mimic the flashing pattern of the females\u2014that is, to imitate the fireflies\u2019 \"language of love\" and lure additional tasty males into the web. Naturally, you might now ask: why doesn\u2019t the spider allow the males to flash normally and attract females onto its web? Why exert the effort to make the males flash like females in order to lure additional males?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Well, although both the males and the females of this firefly species are capable of flight, when it comes to finding love, it is the males who fly toward the females, while the flashing females mostly wait stationary [5].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Or, our spider simply prefers male suitors. We remain open minded and accepting\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is important to note that the study consisted solely of behavioral observations, and the mechanism\u2014if it exists\u2014is unknown. In other words, it is not known if and how the spider causes the captured male fireflies to change their flashing pattern. The researchers hypothesized that perhaps a specific biting pattern of the spider underlies the mechanism, since the researchers observed that aside from these male fireflies, no other prey of the spider was bitten in such a unique pattern. Another hypothesis is that the spider\u2019s venom, injected with its bite, causes the male fireflies to change their flashing pattern. To find out, further research is required.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, we are serious scientists who also happened to want to travel to China, so we set our sights on the rice fields of Hubei province and turned to spiders to find out: how do they do it? We received a unanimous response from all: two fireflies on the web are preferable to one firefly in hand.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*In the picture: An orb-weaver spider (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A.\u00a0 ventricosus) <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tending to a captured male firefly <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(A. terminalis)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on its web. <\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>References:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lbscience.org\/en\/2022\/12\/18\/fireflies-came-to-banish-darkness\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our article about fireflies<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(24)00914-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS096098222400914X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study in the journal Current Biology<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2443703-spiders-use-fireflies-as-flashing-lures-to-catch-more-prey\/?utm_campaign=RSS%7CNSNS&amp;utm_source=NSNS&amp;utm_medium=RSS&amp;utm_content=home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lay read on the study in New Scientist<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-02652-7\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spotlight on the research in Nature<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Christine-Lambkin\/publication\/257657555_Studies_on_South-east_Asian_fireflies_Abscondita_a_new_genus_with_details_of_life_history_flashing_patterns_and_behaviour_of_Abs_chinensis_L_and_Abs_terminalis_Olivier_Coleoptera_Lampyridae_Luciolinae\/links\/53ebec980cf250c8947c9844\/Studies-on-South-east-Asian-fireflies-Abscondita-a-new-genus-with-details-of-life-history-flashing-patterns-and-behaviour-of-Abs-chinensis-L-and-Abs-terminalis-Olivier-Coleoptera-Lampyridae-Luciolin.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flying males are attracted to stationary females in the firefly species \u2013 info from a taxonomic review<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spiders employ a variety of diverse and sometimes surprising predatory strategies. For some spiders,\u00a0 an invisible, sticky web to capture their prey is sufficient. Other crafty ones, such as certain jumping spiders, stage themselves as injured prey, on another spider\u2019s web. By the time that the spider host realizes the hoax,\u00a0 he is already devoured [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology","category-zoology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Flashing Drag Show of Fireflies - Little, Big Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lbscience.org\/en\/2025\/03\/02\/flashing-drag-show-of-fireflies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flashing Drag Show of Fireflies - Little, Big Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Spiders employ a variety of diverse and sometimes surprising predatory strategies. 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